Arifinrtgblog’s Blog

Know the needs of your audience and match your contents to their needs. Know your material thoroughly. Put what you have to say in a logical sequence. Ensure your speech will be captivating to your audience as well as worth their time and attention. Practice and rehearse your speech at home or where you can be at ease and comfortable, in front of a mirror, your family, friends or colleagues. Use a tape-recorder and listen to yourself. Videotape your presentation and analyze it. Know what your strong and weak points are. Emphasize your strong points during your presentation.

When you are presenting in front of an audience, you are performing as an actor is on stage. How you are being perceived is very important. Dress appropriately for the occasion. Be solemn if your topic is serious. Present the desired image to your audience. Look pleasant, enthusiastic, confident, proud, but not arrogant. Remain calm. Appear relaxed, even if you feel nervous. Speak slowly, enunciate clearly, and show appropriate emotion and feeling relating to your topic. Establish rapport with your audience. Speak to the person farthest away from you to ensure your voice is loud enough to project to the back of the room. Vary the tone of your voice and dramatize if necessary. If a microphone is available, adjust and adapt your voice accordingly.

//

Body language is important. Standing, walking or moving about with appropriate hand gesture or facial expression is preferred to sitting down or standing still with head down and reading from a prepared speech. Use audio-visual aids or props for enhancement if appropriate and necessary. Master the use of presentation software such as PowerPoint well before your presentation. Do not over-dazzle your audience with excessive use of animation, sound clips, or gaudy colors which are inappropriate for your topic. Do not torture your audience by putting a lengthy document in tiny print on an overhead and reading it out to them.

Speak with conviction as if you really believe in what you are saying. Persuade your audience effectively. The material you present orally should have the same ingredients as that which are required for a written research paper, i.e. a logical progression from INTRODUCTION (Thesis statement) to BODY (strong supporting arguments, accurate and up-to-date information) to CONCLUSION (re-state thesis, summary, and logical conclusion).

Do not read from notes for any extended length of time although it is quite acceptable to glance at your notes infrequently. Speak loudly and clearly. Sound confident. Do not mumble. If you made an error, correct it, and continue. No need to make excuses or apologize profusely.

Maintain sincere eye contact with your audience. Use the 3-second method, e.g. look straight into the eyes of a person in the audience for 3 seconds at a time. Have direct eye contact with a number of people in the audience, and every now and then glance at the whole audience while speaking. Use your eye contact to make everyone in your audience feel involved.

Speak to your audience, listen to their questions, respond to their reactions, adjust and adapt. If what you have prepared is obviously not getting across to your audience, change your strategy mid-stream if you are well prepared to do so. Remember that communication is the key to a successful presentation. If you are short of time, know what can be safely left out. If you have extra time, know what could be effectively added. Always be prepared for the unexpected.

Pause. Allow yourself and your audience a little time to reflect and think. Don’t race through your presentation and leave your audience, as well as yourself, feeling out of breath.

Add humor whenever appropriate and possible. Keep audience interested throughout your entire presentation. Remember that an interesting speech makes time fly, but a boring speech is always too long to endure even if the presentation time is the same.

When using audio-visual aids to enhance your presentation, be sure all necessary equipment is set up and in good working order prior to the presentation. If possible, have an emergency backup system readily available.  Check out the location ahead of time to ensure seating arrangements for audience, whiteboard, blackboard, lighting, location of projection screen, sound system, etc. are suitable for your presentation.

Have handouts ready and give them out at the appropriate time. Tell audience ahead of time that you will be giving out an outline of your presentation so that they will not waste time taking unnecessary notes during your presentation.

Know when to STOP talking. Use a timer or the microwave oven clock to time your presentation when preparing it at home. Just as you don’t use unnecessary words in your written paper, you don’t bore your audience with repetitious or unnecessary words in your oral presentation. To end your presentation, summarize your main points in the same way as you normally do in the CONCLUSION of a written paper. Remember, however, that there is a difference between spoken words appropriate for the ear and formally written words intended for reading. Terminate your presentation with an interesting remark or an appropriate punch line. Leave your listeners with a positive impression and a sense of completion. Do not belabor your closing remarks. Thank your audience and sit down.

Have the written portion of your assignment or report ready for your instructor if required.

from : http://www.aresearchguide.com/3tips.html

What Is Public Speaking?

For many people public speaking is actually a nerve racking and uncomfortable experience. And it takes an individual time to prepare for public speaking. In some situations people who are familiar with public speaking can speak to a group without any problems or setbacks. Public speaking and the actual performance of an individual really depend on the speaker.

Public speaking is actually a group of individuals gathered into one area while another individual addresses the group. Public speaking is not for all people in the concept that addressing a group of people isn’t always easy. There are some places that literally prepare individuals for public speaking and the process of being capable of standing in front of a large group of people as well. Public speaking has dated back centuries. In some areas there are those occasions that date back to the 1600’s and soon after.

Public speaking gives an individual the ability to address several people on any one given subject without that person having to repeat the speech several times. Another aspect taken with pubic speaking is that many different topics can be discussed through public speaking too. Or questions asked by the audience or group in which an individual is addressing.

There are essentially several different areas for public speaking in addition. There are instances where public speaking is in the form of a debate. This is actually done with more than one individual speaking.
Although public speaking is not for everyone, there are those who must literally learn to develop skills for public speaking. Motivational techniques as well as fear release and nervous tension is some of the issues addressed through public speaking skills.

Usually the listeners must be captivated or interested in what a speaker has to say therefore when an individual has to do any type of public speaking often times they will use notes or some other way of keeping on track with what they are saying. This is also useful if there are questions from those individuals listening afterwards.

For more information about public speaking and details about the subject there are ultimately several different websites via the Internet that are extremely helpful to individuals and potential speakers. Some of the websites also give an account of the history of public speaking and the earliest public speakers in historical events or eras. It is a fact that public speaking is a unique form of communication.

from http://www.publicspeakingtricks.com/what-is-public-speaking

Tips bagi Guru, Dosen atau Trainer

Anda seorang guru, dosen atau pelatih? Mungkin, beberapa tips berikut akan bermanfaat bagi Anda. Mari kita lihat!

Tips #1: Kuasai Materi Secara Komprehensif

Penguasaan materi sangat esensial untuk dapat melaksanakan tugas mengajar dengan baik dan menarik. Pasalnya kenapa? Ketika suatu ketika saya diminta berbicara tentang Training Needs Assessment oleh suatu lembaga, jujur saya tidak PeDe, walaupun mengetahui tentang training needs assessment. Tapi ketika saya mengajar mahasiswa tentang pengantar teknologi pendidikan, katakanlah. Kepercayaan diri tinggi, karena memang menguasai betul tentang hal tersebut. Jika kita menguasai secara komprehensif, tentu akan mampu memberikan contoh, analogi, ilustrasi yang beragam dan sesuai dengan konteks serta dapat menyesuaikan dengan latar belakang audiens.Coba kalau kita tidak benar-benar menguasai, wauah bakal keringet dingin. Betul, gak? Kunci pertama, menguasai materi.

Tips #2: Libatkan Peserta Secara Aktif

Ketika saya diminta untuk menjadi pembicara dalam suatu pelatihan, atau mengajar untuk suatu mata kuliah tertentu, hal pertama yang saya pikirkan adalah “Pengalaman belajar (aktifitas belajar) seperti apa saja yang harus saya siapkan agar peserta terlibat aktif.” Memikirkan strategi pembelajaran aktif seperti ini bukan perkara mudah, tapi secara kreatif mutlak kita lakukan atau. Pembelajaran tanpa melibatkan peserta belajar secara aktif, ibarat menabur garam di laut. Bahkan seorang orator ulungpun pada dasarnya telah berusaha mengaktifkan otak audiensnya dengan berbagai cara sehingga terpukau (hypnoteaching) . Ada ungkapan mengatakan bahwa, “We can teach fast, but they can forget it much more faster!”. Jadi, upayakan jangan selalu terpaku pada ceramah atau mencekoki informasi saja.

Tips #3: Upayakan untuk Melakukan Interaksi Informal dengan Peserta

Kadang-kadang guyon, atau berbincang di sela-sela istirahat atau sebelum memulai materi sangat penting untuk mencairkan suasana. Dan tidak hanya itu, akan membangkitkan motivasi dan keterlibatan peserta dalam pembelajaran. Jangan sampai, sudah datang terlambat, langsung bicara, “Baik Bapak dan ibu sekalian, sesi ini kita akan ,……………”. Basa-basi, kalau perlu dengan guyon terutama diawal-awal memulai pembicaraan biasanya sangat ampuh. Saya biasa menyiapkan “ice breaker” yang lucu sebelum memulai pelatihan atau perkuliahan.

Tips #4: Beri Kesempatan Peserta Kewenangan dan Tanggung Jawab atas Belajarnya

Peserta akan termotivasi jika mereka diberi kewenangan untuk menentukan sendiri cara belajarnya. Saya, biasanya membangun komitmen atau aturan bersama sebelum memulai pelatihan atau perkuliahan. Dalam membangun komitmen atau aturan bersama ini, dibahas bebagai hal yang harus dilakukan dan apa yang tidak harus dilakukan, dimana keputusannya diambil bersama. Misalnya, bentuk tugas akhir mau seperti apa, apakah temanya bebas, atau tertentu dan lain-lain. Atau selama perkuliahan HandPhone harus seperti apa, dan lain-lain. Ternyata teknik seperti ini walaupun tidak ada hukuman, tapi karena disepakati bersama dan menjadi komitmen bersama akan sangat membantu, dengan catatan konsisten dilaksanakan bersama. Tentu saja ini adalah salah satu contoh upaya memberikan kewenangan kendali belajar kepada mereka.

Tips #5: Yakini Bahwa Manusi Belajar dengan Cara yang Berbeda Satu Sama lain

Dengan demikian, jangan perlakukan semua peserta dengan cara yang sama. Implikasinya adalah laksanakan tips 2 dan 4 di atas.

Tips #6: Yakinkan Peserta Bahwa Mereka Mampu

Mempersepsi sejak awal bahwa semua peserta atau mahasiswa kita adalah mampu, dan meyakinkan bahwa mereka mampu akan meningkatkan efektifitas pembelajaran. Motivasi belajar akan menurun ketika mereka merasa tidak mampu. Oleh karena itu, tips ke 5 di atas bisa diterapkan disini. dalam artian, jangan sampai memberikan kegiatan belajar yang tidak mungkin mampu mereka capai. Harus yakin bahwa tugas yang kita berikan memang bisa dilakukan dan mereka merasa puas dengan hasil yang telah dilakukannya.

Tips #7: Beri Kesempatan kepada Peserta untuk Melakukan sesuatu Secara Kolaboratif atau Kooperatif

Hal tersebut akan meningkatkan motivasi dan kemenarikan pembelajaran karena ada sedikit kompetisi, apalagi kalau mereka diberi kesempatan untuk saling berbagi ide, pengalaman, argumen secara bebas tanpa harus saling menjatuhkan satu sama lain.

Tips #8: Upayakan Materi yang Disampaikan Kontekstual

Guru atau dosen harus pandai pandai mengaitkan materi yang diajarkan dengan pengetahuan awal audiens atau peserta. Untuk orang dewasa, seperti dalam pelatihan, materi yang tidak relevan atau tidak ada kaitannya dengan kehidupan atau pekerjaan sehari-hari yang ia lakoni maka walaupun harus berbusa-busa kita bicara, tidak akan ada manfaatnya.

Tips #9: Berikan Umpan Balik Segera dan bersifat Deskriptif

Hal ini akan membantu mereka manyadari sudah sejauh mana perkembangan pemehaman atau penguasaan mereka terhadap pengetahuan, keterampilan atau sikap tertentu.

Tips #10: Tingkatkan Jam Terbang

Sebagai penutup, saya ingin mengatakan bahwa tidak ada yang bisa mengalahkan pengalaman. Sembilan tips di atas akan sempurna dengan senjata pamungkas nomor sepuluh ini.

(Sumber “Principle of Effective Teaching and Learning, University of Toronto, 1990).

dan Heartspeak.info

ADA 7 ASPEK YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN UNTUK PRESENTASI YANG DINAMIS

1. Speaker

2. Message

3. Audience

4. Channel

5. Feedback

6. Noise

7. Setting

ASPEK ke 1 : The Speaker

Banyak orang lupa bahwa mereka sedang presentasi dan bukan sedang memainkan visual aids. Ada 3 faktor yang perlu diperhatikan tentang the speaker ini :  a. Motivasi dalam presentasi

b. Kredibilitas sebagai pembicara.

c. Speaking Style.

ASPEK ke 2 : The Message

The message berkaitan dengan 2 hal yaitu verbally and non-verbally.  Komponen verbal dapat dianalisis dalam 3 elemen : yaitu * Content (berkaitan dengan topik presentasi anda). The content adalah merupakan inti dari

pembicaraan dan presentasi anda.* Style (dapat bervariasi dari hal hal yang sangat formal ke yang sangat tidak formal) * Structure. (struktur pesan harus terorgnisasi. struktur ini mencakup : “Introduction” . “Body” dan “Conclusion”.

ASPEK ke 3  The Audience

Sebagai seorang pembicara kita harus menganalisis audience/pendengar dan setelah itu kita memutuskan bagaimana kita mempresentasikan idea kita. Analisis ini mencakup : umur, sex ,  Marital Status, ras , lokasi geografis, , keanggotaan kelompok, pendidikan, karir .   Gunakan kata “A-U-D-I-E-N-C-E”  dengan acronim : A_udience , U = understanding, D = demografi, I = interest, E = environment , N = needs ,  C= customized dan E = expectations.

ASPEK ke 4 – The Channel

Chanel komunikasi termasuk non verbal, pictorial and aural channels. Sebagai contoh A. Nonverbal 1. gestures 2. facial expressions 3. body movement 4. posture B. Pictorial 1. diagrams 2. charts 3. graphs 4. pictures 5. objects C. Aural 1. tone of your voice 2. variations in pitch and volume 3. other vocal variety

ASPEK ke 5 – The Feedback

Proses feedback belum lengkap sampai audiens bereaksi dan merespons apa yang kita sampaikan. Hal ini dapat diketahui melalui pertanyaan kita kepada audience apakah mengerti dan paham tentang apa yang kita sampaikan  .

ASPEK ke 6 – The Noise

Ada 3 type noise a. External Noise b. Internal Noise

ASPEK ke 7 – The Setting

Setting tempat mempengaruhi presentasi  anda  Hal ini dapat dilakukan penyesuaian sebelum berlangsungnya presentasi – untuk itu pelu dicheck sebelum masa presentasi.  the effort.

Diambil dari Lenny Laskowski from http://www.ljlseminars.com/catalog.htm .

by Lenny Laskowski © 1998 LJL Seminars http://www.ljlseminars.com